Yoshimura, H. and J. E. Marsden
First of all, we establish a reduction theory starting with the Hamilton-Pontryagin variational principle, which enables one to formulate an implicit analogue of the Lagrange-Poincaré equations. To do this, we assume that a Lie group acts freely and properly on a configuration manifold, in which case there is an associated principal bundle and we choose a principal connection. Then, we develop a reduction theory for the canonical Dirac structure on the cotangent bundle to induce a gauged Dirac structure. Second, it is shown that by making use of the gauged Dirac structure, one obtains a reduction procedure for standard implicit Lagrangian systems, which is called Lagrange-Poincaré-Dirac reduction. This procedure naturally induces the horizontal and vertical implicit Lagrange-Poincaré equations, which are consistent with those derived from the reduced Hamilton-Pontryagin principle. Further, we develop the case in which a Hamiltonian is given (perhaps, but not necessarily, coming from a regular Lagrangian); namely, Hamilton-Poincaré-Dirac reduction for the horizontal and vertical Hamilton-Poincaré equations. We illustrate the reduction procedures by an example of a satellite with a rotor.
The present work is done in a way that is consistent with, and may be viewed as a specialization of the larger context of Dirac reduction, which allows for Dirac reduction by stages. This is explored in a paper in preparation by Cendra, Marsden, Ratiu and Yoshimura.