Short answer: See the extensive set of MATLAB documentation.
Specifically, the following blocks are standard in Simulink for representing models of systems. A list of them are shown if you type "simulink" at the MATLAB command prompt.
State-space:
Frequency domain (transfer functions) - you'll learn more about these later in the term:
MATLAB's Stateflow toolbox is designed for modeling finite-state machines (like the traffic light example of today's lecture).