There has recently been considerable interest in sending a
spacecraft to orbit Europa, the smallest of the four Galilean moons
of Jupiter. The trajectory design involved in effecting a capture by
Europa presents formidable challenges to traditional conic analysis,
since the regimes of motion involved depend heavily on three-body
dynamics. New three-body perspectives are required to design
successful and effcient missions that take full advantage of the
natural dynamics. Not only does a three-body approach provide
low-fuel trajectories, but it also increases the flexibility and
versatility of missions. We apply this approach to design a new
mission concept wherein a spacecraft "leap-frogs" between moons,
orbiting each for a desired duration in a temporary capture orbit.
We call this concept the "Petit Grand Tour."
For this application,
we apply dynamical systems techniques developed in a previous paper
to design a Europa capture orbit. We show how it is possible, using
a gravitional boost from Ganymede, to go from a jovicentric orbit
beyond the orbit of Ganymede to a ballistic capture orbit around
Europa. The main new technical result is the employment of dynamical
channels in the phase space--tubes in the energy surface which
naturally link the vicinity of Ganymede to the vicinity of Europa.
The transfer V necessary to jump from one moon to another
is less than half that required by a standard Hohmann transfer.